:root {
  --primary-color: #000;
  --secondary-color: #333;
  --accent-color: #0066cc;
  --accent-light: #4a90e2;
  --accent-dark: #003d7a;
  --background-color: #fafafa;
  --surface-color: #ffffff;
  --text-primary: #000;
  --text-secondary: #666;
  --text-muted: #999;
  --border-color: #e1e1e1;
  --border-light: #f0f0f0;
  --success-color: #28a745;
  --warning-color: #ffc107;
  --error-color: #dc3545;
}

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  background-color: var(--background-color);
}

.container {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

header {
  padding: 40px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  background: var(--surface-color);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
}

#header-placeholder {
  min-height: 120px; /* Match header height to prevent layout shift */
}

nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: center;
}

.logo {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.logo:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 25px;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.nav-links a {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
  position: relative;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.nav-links a.active {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.nav-links a.active::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -8px;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent-color);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

main {
  background: var(--surface-color);
  min-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
  padding: 60px 0;
  overflow: auto; /* Prevent margin collapse */
}

.page {
  display: none;
}

.page.active {
  display: block;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 32px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

h2 {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.intro {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 50px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero-section {
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.hero-content {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  padding: 40px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #ffffff 100%);
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: 40px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--text-primary) 0%,
    var(--accent-color) 100%
  );
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.hero-section .intro {
  background: var(--surface-color);
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-section .intro p {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.hero-section .intro p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.section {
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}

main > .section:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.section h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Enhanced typography scale */
.section h2 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  /* margin: 50px 0 25px 0; */
  color: var(--text-primary);
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.section h2::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 40px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent-color);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.section-icon {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.page-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.page-icon {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.section ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.section li {
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  padding-left: 30px;
  position: relative;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.section li:before {
  content: "→";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.section li ul {
  margin-top: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
  border-left: 2px solid #f0f0f0;
  padding-left: 15px;
}

.section li ul li {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding-left: 20px;
  position: relative;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.section li ul li:before {
  content: "·";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--accent-light);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.belief-item {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.belief-item h4 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #000;
}

.belief-item p {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.belief-item ul {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.belief-item strong {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #000;
}

.belief-item em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: #666;
}

.writing-item,
.bookmark-item {
  padding: 30px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  position: relative;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.writing-item:hover,
.bookmark-item:hover {
  background-color: #fbfbfb;
  margin: 0 -20px;
  padding: 30px 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.writing-item:last-child,
.bookmark-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.writing-item h2,
.writing-item h3,
.bookmark-item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px 0;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.writing-item a,
.bookmark-item a {
  color: var(--text-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.writing-item a:hover,
.bookmark-item a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.writing-item p,
.bookmark-item p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 15px;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.external-link::after {
  content: "↗";
  font-size: 12px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.writing-date {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: block;
}

/* Article page styles */
.article-content {
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #333;
}

.article-content p {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.article-content h2 {
  margin-top: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.article-content h3 {
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.article-content ul,
.article-content ol {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.article-content li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.article-meta {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.back-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.back-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.back-link::before {
  content: "← ";
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 15px;
  }

  header {
    padding: 20px 0;
  }

  nav {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .nav-links {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  main {
    padding: 40px 0;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 28px;
  }

  .hero-title {
    font-size: 32px;
  }

  .hero-content {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }

  .hero-section .intro {
    padding: 20px;
  }
}

main h1 {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

/* Loading states */
.header-loading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 40px 0;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.loading-spinner {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  border: 2px solid #f0f0f0;
  border-top: 2px solid #666;
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

/* Error states */
.header-error {
  background: #ffebee;
  color: #c62828;
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ffcdd2;
}

/* Accessibility */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* Focus styles */
a:focus,
button:focus,
[tabindex]:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #0066cc;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Skip link */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -40px;
  left: 6px;
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  z-index: 1000;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 6px;
}

/* --- Simple gradient system --- */
:root {
  --grad: linear-gradient(90deg, #7c3aed, #3b82f6, #10b981);
  --grad-soft: radial-gradient(
      600px 300px at 10% 20%,
      #7c3aed15,
      transparent 60%
    ),
    radial-gradient(700px 320px at 90% 30%, #10b98118, transparent 65%),
    radial-gradient(800px 340px at 40% 80%, #3b82f616, transparent 70%);
}

/* Nav underline interaction (simple) */
.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
}
.nav-links a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -8px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--grad);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a.active::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

/* CTA pill */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  background: var(--grad);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  transition: background-position 0.35s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}
.btn:hover {
  background-position: 100% 0;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Optional: hero title stays solid but keeps your brand color pop on subtitle */
.hero-title {
  color: var(--text-primary);
}
.hero-subtitle {
  color: #3b82f6;
} /* or your existing primary */

.contact-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.contact-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.contact-box {
  flex: 1 1 260px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #e1e1e1);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.contact-box:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.contact-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  color: #fff;
}

.email-icon {
  background: #c084fc; /* purple-ish */
}

.linkedin-icon {
  background: #0a66c2; /* LinkedIn blue */
}

.contact-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #111;
}

.contact-link {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #555;
}

.contact-section {
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.skills-section {
  margin-bottom: 60px; /* space at the bottom */
}

.skills-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.skills-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.skill-card {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #e1e1e1);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.skill-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.skill-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: #fff;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.skill-icon.purple {
  background: #c084fc;
}
.skill-icon.blue {
  background: #0a66c2;
}
.skill-icon.green {
  background: #10b981;
}
.skill-icon.orange {
  background: #f97316;
}

.skill-card h3 {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #000000;
}

.skill-card ul {
  padding-left: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}

.skill-card ul li {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #555;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.contact-simple {
  margin-bottom: 30px; /* space before footer */
}

.contact-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 40px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.contact-photo {
  flex: 1 1 280px;
  text-align: center;
}

.contact-photo img {
  width: 240px;
  height: 240px;
  object-fit: cover; /* keeps image filling the circle */
  object-position: center; /* centers the visible area */
  border-radius: 50%; /* makes it a circle */
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  border: 4px solid #fff; /* optional white ring */
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent-color, #0066cc); /* optional outer accent ring */
}

.contact-text {
  flex: 2 1 340px;
}

.contact-text h2 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.contact-text p {
  color: #555;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.contact-buttons {
  margin-top: 20px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
  color: #fff;
  transition: background-color 0.25s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-dark, #003d7a);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn.ghost {
  background: #fff;
  color: #111;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #e1e1e1);
}

.btn.ghost:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
  border-color: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .contact-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .contact-buttons {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

.work-section {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 20px 0;
}

.work-section h2 {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.work-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
}

.work-card {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #e1e1e1);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 20px;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.work-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: var(--accent-color, #0066cc);
}

.work-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.work-icon.purple { background: #f3e8ff; color: #7c3aed; }
.work-icon.blue   { background: #e0f2fe; color: #0369a1; }
.work-icon.green  { background: #dcfce7; color: #15803d; }

.work-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #000000;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.work-card p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #000000;
  line-height: 1.5;
}



.writing-item.with-image {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px;
}

.project-image {
  width: 150px;  /* Adjust size */
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 8px;
  object-fit: cover;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.writing-item.with-image .writing-content {
  flex: 1;
}

/* On small screens, hide the image entirely */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .writing-item.with-image {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .project-image {
    display: none;
  }
}




.video-section {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

.video-container {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 ratio */
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.video-container iframe {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}